PowerShell 3.0 Notes

We will post all miscellaneous PowerShell scripts, notes, tips and help on this page. For notes from specific books, please look at the index on the Main page for the book link to the page.

PowerShell Script to set video resolution on startup

Here is a script that will set your video resolution in PowerShell. I gleaned it from Setting your screen resolution

Function Set-ScreenResolution 
{ 
	param 
	(
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position = 0)] [int]$Width, 
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position = 1)] [int]$Height
	) 
	
	$pinvokeCode = @" 
	using System; 
	using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 
	namespace Resolution 
	{ 
	    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
	    public struct DEVMODE1 
	    { 
	        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)] 
	        public string dmDeviceName; 
	        public short dmSpecVersion; 
	        public short dmDriverVersion; 
	        public short dmSize; 
	        public short dmDriverExtra; 
	        public int dmFields; 
	        public short dmOrientation; 
	        public short dmPaperSize; 
	        public short dmPaperLength; 
	        public short dmPaperWidth; 
	        public short dmScale; 
	        public short dmCopies; 
	        public short dmDefaultSource; 
	        public short dmPrintQuality; 
	        public short dmColor; 
	        public short dmDuplex; 
	        public short dmYResolution; 
	        public short dmTTOption; 
	        public short dmCollate; 
	        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)] 
	        public string dmFormName; 
	        public short dmLogPixels; 
	        public short dmBitsPerPel; 
	        public int dmPelsWidth; 
	        public int dmPelsHeight; 
	        public int dmDisplayFlags; 
	        public int dmDisplayFrequency; 
	        public int dmICMMethod; 
	        public int dmICMIntent; 
	        public int dmMediaType; 
	        public int dmDitherType; 
	        public int dmReserved1; 
	        public int dmReserved2; 
	        public int dmPanningWidth; 
	        public int dmPanningHeight; 
	    }; 
	    class User_32 
	    { 
	        [DllImport("user32.dll")] 
	        public static extern int EnumDisplaySettings(string deviceName, int modeNum, ref DEVMODE1 devMode); 
	        [DllImport("user32.dll")] 
	        public static extern int ChangeDisplaySettings(ref DEVMODE1 devMode, int flags); 
	        public const int ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS = -1; 
	        public const int CDS_UPDATEREGISTRY = 0x01; 
	        public const int CDS_TEST = 0x02; 
	        public const int DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL = 0; 
	        public const int DISP_CHANGE_RESTART = 1; 
	        public const int DISP_CHANGE_FAILED = -1; 
	    } 
	    public class PrmaryScreenResolution 
	    { 
	        static public string ChangeResolution(int width, int height) 
	        { 
	            DEVMODE1 dm = GetDevMode1(); 
	            if (0 != User_32.EnumDisplaySettings(null, User_32.ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, ref dm)) 
	            { 
	                dm.dmPelsWidth = width; 
	                dm.dmPelsHeight = height; 
	                int iRet = User_32.ChangeDisplaySettings(ref dm, User_32.CDS_TEST); 
	                if (iRet == User_32.DISP_CHANGE_FAILED) 
	                { 
	                    return "Unable To Process Your Request. Sorry For This Inconvenience."; 
	                } 
	                else 
	                { 
	                    iRet = User_32.ChangeDisplaySettings(ref dm, User_32.CDS_UPDATEREGISTRY); 
	                    switch (iRet) 
	                    { 
	                        case User_32.DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL: 
	                            { 
	                                return "Success"; 
	                            } 
	                        case User_32.DISP_CHANGE_RESTART: 
	                            { 
	                                return "You Need To Reboot For The Change To Happen.";
	                            } 
	                        default: 
	                            { 
	                                return "Failed To Change The Resolution"; 
	                            } 
	                    } 
	                } 
	            } 
	            else 
	            { 
	                return "Failed To Change The Resolution."; 
	            } 
	        } 
	        private static DEVMODE1 GetDevMode1() 
	        { 
	            DEVMODE1 dm = new DEVMODE1(); 
	            dm.dmDeviceName = new String(new char[32]); 
	            dm.dmFormName = new String(new char[32]); 
	            dm.dmSize = (short)Marshal.SizeOf(dm); 
	            return dm; 
	        } 
	    } 
	}
"@ 
	Add-Type $pinvokeCode -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue 
	[Resolution.PrmaryScreenResolution]::ChangeResolution($width,$height) 
}

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Function Set-ScreenResolution

{

param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position = 0)] [int]$Width,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position = 1)] [int]$Height

)

$pinvokeCode = @"

using System;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Resolution

{

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public struct DEVMODE1

{

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]

public string dmDeviceName;

public short dmSpecVersion;

public short dmDriverVersion;

public short dmSize;

public short dmDriverExtra;

public int dmFields;

public short dmOrientation;

public short dmPaperSize;

public short dmPaperLength;

public short dmPaperWidth;

public short dmScale;

public short dmCopies;

public short dmDefaultSource;

public short dmPrintQuality;

public short dmColor;

public short dmDuplex;

public short dmYResolution;

public short dmTTOption;

public short dmCollate;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]

public string dmFormName;

public short dmLogPixels;

public short dmBitsPerPel;

public int dmPelsWidth;

public int dmPelsHeight;

public int dmDisplayFlags;

public int dmDisplayFrequency;

public int dmICMMethod;

public int dmICMIntent;

public int dmMediaType;

public int dmDitherType;

public int dmReserved1;

public int dmReserved2;

public int dmPanningWidth;

public int dmPanningHeight;

};

class User_32

{

[DllImport("user32.dll")]

public static extern int EnumDisplaySettings(string deviceName, int modeNum, ref DEVMODE1 devMode);

[DllImport("user32.dll")]

public static extern int ChangeDisplaySettings(ref DEVMODE1 devMode, int flags);

public const int ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS = -1;

public const int CDS_UPDATEREGISTRY = 0x01;

public const int CDS_TEST = 0x02;

public const int DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL = 0;

public const int DISP_CHANGE_RESTART = 1;

public const int DISP_CHANGE_FAILED = -1;

}

public class PrmaryScreenResolution

{

static public string ChangeResolution(int width, int height)

{

DEVMODE1 dm = GetDevMode1();

if (0 != User_32.EnumDisplaySettings(null, User_32.ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, ref dm))

{

dm.dmPelsWidth = width;

dm.dmPelsHeight = height;

int iRet = User_32.ChangeDisplaySettings(ref dm, User_32.CDS_TEST);

if (iRet == User_32.DISP_CHANGE_FAILED)

{

return "Unable To Process Your Request. Sorry For This Inconvenience.";

}

else

{

iRet = User_32.ChangeDisplaySettings(ref dm, User_32.CDS_UPDATEREGISTRY);

switch (iRet)

{

case User_32.DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL:

{

return "Success";

}

case User_32.DISP_CHANGE_RESTART:

{

return "You Need To Reboot For The Change To Happen.";

}

default:

{

return "Failed To Change The Resolution";

}

else

{

return "Failed To Change The Resolution.";

}

private static DEVMODE1 GetDevMode1()

{

DEVMODE1 dm = new DEVMODE1();

dm.dmDeviceName = new String(new char[32]);

dm.dmFormName = new String(new char[32]);

dm.dmSize = (short)Marshal.SizeOf(dm);

return dm;

}

Add-Type $pinvokeCode -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

[Resolution.PrmaryScreenResolution]::ChangeResolution($width,$height)

}

Ternary Operators in PowerShell (well, sort of…)

Here is an example of a ternary operator in C#:

var a = (b == 1)?true:false;

1	var a = (b == 1)?true:false;

Fortunately, there is a way however it doesn’t use the usual ?: notation:

$a = 4
$output += @{$true="This is true";$false="This is false"}[$a -lt 5]

1 2	$a = 4 $output += @{$true="This is true";$false="This is false"}[$a -lt 5]

It’s also possible to call a function from within the query:

function retValue ($ret)
{
    return " "+$ret
}
$b = 0
$a = @{$true=retValue "FOO!";$false=retValue "BAR!"}[$b -eq 1]

function retValue ($ret)

{

return " "+$ret

}

$b = 0

$a = @{$true=retValue "FOO!";$false=retValue "BAR!"}[$b -eq 1]

Creating a script and executing in on a remote server

# An example of how to deploy a ps1 script and execute it remotely

$externalScript = "Write-EventLog -LogName Application -Source CCService -EventId 7001 -EntryType Information -Message test"
$scriptFileName = "AddTestEventLogEntry.ps1"
$folderPath = "c:\temp"
$destinationServerName = "SERVER1"
$destinationPath = "\\$destinationServerName\C$\Temp"
$fileExists = (Test-Path "$destinationPath\$scriptFileName")

Out-File -FilePath "$folderPath\$scriptFileName"
Add-Content -Path "$folderPath\$scriptFileName" -Value $externalScript

# Verify that the path exists, if so attempt to copy the file.
if (Test-Path $destinationPath)
{
    Copy-Item -Path "$folderPath\$scriptFileName" -Destination $destinationPath
}

# Verify that the file was copied successfully.
If (!($fileExists)) 
{
    Write-Host "The file was NOT copied to the remote server."
}
ElseIf ($fileExists)
{
    Write-Host "The file was copied successfully to the remote server."
}

Invoke-Command -ComputerName $destinationServerName -Command (Invoke-Expression $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.ExpandString("{$destinationPath\$scriptFileName}"))

# An example of how to deploy a ps1 script and execute it remotely

$externalScript = "Write-EventLog -LogName Application -Source CCService -EventId 7001 -EntryType Information -Message test"

$scriptFileName = "AddTestEventLogEntry.ps1"

$folderPath = "c:\temp"

$destinationServerName = "SERVER1"

$destinationPath = "\\$destinationServerName\C$\Temp"

$fileExists = (Test-Path "$destinationPath\$scriptFileName")

Out-File -FilePath "$folderPath\$scriptFileName"

Add-Content -Path "$folderPath\$scriptFileName" -Value $externalScript

# Verify that the path exists, if so attempt to copy the file.

if (Test-Path $destinationPath)

{

Copy-Item -Path "$folderPath\$scriptFileName" -Destination $destinationPath

}

# Verify that the file was copied successfully.

If (!($fileExists))

{

Write-Host "The file was NOT copied to the remote server."

}

ElseIf ($fileExists)

{

Write-Host "The file was copied successfully to the remote server."

}

Invoke-Command -ComputerName $destinationServerName -Command (Invoke-Expression $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.ExpandString("{$destinationPath\$scriptFileName}"))

Discovering the alias for a cmdlet

PS C:\> Get-Alias -Definition Get-Process

1	PS C:\> Get-Alias -Definition Get-Process

…which returns this to the output:

CommandType     Name                                               ModuleName
-----------     ----                                               ----------
Alias           gsv -> Get-Service

CommandType Name ModuleName

----------- ---- ----------

Alias gsv -> Get-Service

Removing Leading Zero from IP Addresses using Regular Expressions

PS C:\> '010.012.000.101' -replace '\b0+\B'

1	PS C:\> '010.012.000.101' -replace '\b0+\B'

IIS Worker Processes in PowerShell

# Execute this on the server itself, otherwise use a remote PS session.
ServerManager iisManager = new ServerManager();

foreach(WorkerProcess w3wp in iisManager.WorkerProcesses) 
{
    Console.WriteLine("W3WP ({0})", w3wp.ProcessId);
            
    foreach (Request request in w3wp.GetRequests(0)) 
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1},{2},{3}",
                    request.Url,
                    request.ClientIPAddr,
                    request.TimeElapsed,
                    request.TimeInState);
    }
}

# Execute this on the server itself, otherwise use a remote PS session.

ServerManager iisManager = new ServerManager();

foreach(WorkerProcess w3wp in iisManager.WorkerProcesses)

{

Console.WriteLine("W3WP ({0})", w3wp.ProcessId);

foreach (Request request in w3wp.GetRequests(0))

{

Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1},{2},{3}",

request.Url,

request.ClientIPAddr,

request.TimeElapsed,

request.TimeInState);

}

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